operations Skill

Operations: Security, Validation & Lifecycle

Operation-level configuration that sits between the resource shape (see api-resource) and the read/write logic (see state-provider / state-processor).

Read & write phases (the provider/processor lifecycle)

Every operation runs two phases, each toggled by a boolean flag:

Phase	Flag	Runs	Maps to (CQRS)
Read	read	a provider fetches the data	Query
Write	write	a processor persists / acts on the data	Command

A full request is read → deserialize → validate → write → serialize. The provider supplies the object the rest of the chain operates on; the processor performs the side effect (persist, delete, send mail, build a file). This is API Platform's CQRS split: GET-style reads go through a provider, state changes go through a processor.

The flags default from the request, not the verb

You leave read/write unset and API Platform resolves them at runtime from the HTTP request (see MainController / WriteListener in core):

• write defaults to "the method is not safe" — false for GET/HEAD, true for POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE.
• read defaults to "the operation has URI variables, or the method is safe" — so item operations (which carry {id}) and all GETs read, but a collection POST (no URI variables, unsafe) does not.

Operation	read	write
Get (item)	true (has {id})	false
GetCollection	true (safe)	false
Post (collection)	false (no URI vars, unsafe)	true
Put, Patch (item)	true (has {id})	true
Delete (item)	true (has {id})	true

So a Get skips the processor by default, and a collection Post runs a processor without a provider. Override either flag to decouple the phase from this default:

// Run a processor on a GET (file download, report generation, counter bump):
new Get(
    uriTemplate: '/orders/{id}/download',
    write: true,                 // turn the write phase ON — processor now fires
    processor: OrderDownloadProcessor::class,
)

// Skip the built-in fetch on an item write (upsert: processor handles a missing row):
new Put(
    read: false,                 // no provider runs; $data comes from deserialization only
    processor: UpsertProcessor::class,
)

write: true is the common case: a Get whose write defaults to false would never invoke its processor — flipping the flag is what enables it. Conversely read: false stops the built-in provider on an item operation from a needless fetch.

Securing operations

The security attribute takes a Symfony ExpressionLanguage string evaluated before the operation runs. Available variables: user, object (item operations), request parameters when explicitly exposed.

Role-based

#[ApiResource(
    operations: [
        new GetCollection(),
        new Post(security: "is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')"),
    ]
)]
class Invoice {}

Object-based (item operations)

object is the fetched resource — use it for ownership checks on Get, Put, Patch, Delete:

new Get(security: "object.getOwner() == user")
new Patch(security: "object.getOwner() == user or is_granted('ROLE_ADMIN')")

securityPostDenormalize runs after the request body is applied — use it when the decision depends on incoming values (e.g. preventing privilege escalation on PATCH).

Parameter-based

Each parameter carries its own security expression, where the parameter name becomes a variable bound to the submitted value. Declare them in parameters as QueryParameter or HeaderParameter:

use ApiPlatform\Metadata\GetCollection;
use ApiPlatform\Metadata\HeaderParameter;
use ApiPlatform\Metadata\QueryParameter;
use Symfony\Component\TypeInfo\Type\BuiltinType;
use Symfony\Component\TypeInfo\TypeIdentifier;

#[GetCollection(
    parameters: [
        'name' => new QueryParameter(security: 'is_granted("ROLE_ADMIN")'),
        'auth' => new HeaderParameter(security: '"secured" == auth', nativeType: new BuiltinType(TypeIdentifier::STRING)),
        'secret' => new QueryParameter(security: '"secured" == secret', nativeType: new BuiltinType(TypeIdentifier::STRING)),
    ],
)]

?name=foo evaluates is_granted("ROLE_ADMIN") (403 otherwise); the auth header or ?secret=… must equal secured or the request is rejected. The parameter is only checked when present — an absent or value-less parameter passes.

For query-level data isolation (multi-tenant, soft-delete) that must apply to every query regardless of operation, use a Doctrine extension or link handler instead — see securing-collections. security only guards an already-fetched object; it does not scope collections.

Validation

API Platform runs Symfony's Validator on the deserialized object before the processor. Constraints live on the resource/input DTO (see custom-validator).

Validation groups per operation

#[ApiResource(
    operations: [
        new Post(validationContext: ['groups' => ['Default', 'user:create']]),
        new Patch(validationContext: ['groups' => ['Default', 'user:update']]),
    ]
)]

#[Assert\NotBlank(groups: ['user:create'])]            // required on create only
#[Assert\Email(groups: ['user:create', 'user:update'])] // checked on both
public ?string $email = null;

Collect denormalization errors

By default a type mismatch in the body throws on the first bad field. Enable collect_denormalization_errors to report every malformed field at once in the 422 violations array:

#[Post(validationContext: ['collect_denormalization_errors' => true])]

Each malformed field becomes a violations entry with a propertyPath, a This value should be of type … message, and a hint explaining the failure.

Validating query parameters

Attach constraints to a QueryParameter (or HeaderParameter); invalid values yield 422 before the provider runs:

use ApiPlatform\Metadata\QueryParameter;
use Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints as Assert;

#[GetCollection(
    parameters: [
        'page' => new QueryParameter(constraints: [new Assert\Positive()]),
    ],
)]

Deprecating endpoints

deprecationReason adds a Deprecation header; sunset adds a Sunset header with the removal date. Apply at resource or operation level.

#[ApiResource(
    deprecationReason: 'Use /v2/invoices instead.',
    sunset: '2026-01-01T00:00:00+00:00',
)]
class Invoice {}

deprecationReason emits a Deprecation header and sunset a Sunset header. To also advertise a migration doc, add an explicit operation links: entry — new Link('deprecation', 'https://…') renders Link: <…>; rel="deprecation".

Nested PATCH gotcha

With application/merge-patch+json, to update an existing nested resource you must include its identifier. Omitting it makes the serializer treat the nested object as new (and attempt to create it):

{ "shippingAddress": { "id": 12, "city": "Lyon" } }

Without "id", API Platform tries to create a new Address rather than patch #12.

Laravel

Per-operation metadata (security, validationContext groups, collect_denormalization_errors, deprecationReason/sunset, parameter validation/security) is mostly shared, but auth and validation wiring differ:

• Authorization integrates with Laravel policies, not Symfony voters. Once a policy exists, API Platform auto-maps operations to methods: GET collection → viewAny, GET → view, POST → create, PATCH/PUT → update (PUT → create if absent), DELETE → delete. Override the mapping with a policy: property on the operation: new Patch(policy: 'myCustomPolicy'). The security ExpressionLanguage string also works.
• Authentication / middleware is attached with the Laravel middleware: property per operation (new Patch(middleware: 'auth:sanctum')) or globally under defaults.middleware in config/api-platform.php.
• Validation uses Laravel rules (array / closure / FormRequest) per resource or operation rather than Symfony validationContext groups — see the custom-validator Laravel section. AuthenticationException → 401 and AuthorizationException → 403 are mapped by default in the config's exception_to_status.
• Query/header Parameter constraints are Laravel validation rule strings (e.g. 'min:2'), not Symfony constraints.

Checklist

• Write operations restricted with security / securityPostDenormalize
• Collection isolation handled by an extension, not security (see securing-collections)
• validationContext groups split create vs update constraints
• collect_denormalization_errors enabled where clients need full error lists
• Query parameters carry validation constraints
• Deprecated endpoints set deprecationReason + sunset